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Also called: AA · patchy hair loss
Alopecia areata is an autoimmune condition in which the immune system mistakenly attacks hair follicles, causing patchy, non-scarring hair loss. It can affect the scalp, beard, eyebrows, and body hair.
T-lymphocytes infiltrate the hair bulb and disrupt the "immune privilege" of the follicle, triggering a cytokine cascade that pushes follicles prematurely into catagen/telogen. The follicle itself is not destroyed - it remains dormant and can regrow once inflammation is suppressed. Subtypes include patchy AA, alopecia totalis (full scalp), and alopecia universalis (total body).
Lifetime risk approximately 2% globally. More common in atopic individuals (eczema, asthma, allergic rhinitis).
Tests are performed by a qualified dermatologist or trichologist after clinical assessment.
Triamcinolone injections into affected patches - first-line for limited disease. Administered every 4–6 weeks.
High-potency topical steroids for mild-moderate disease or in patients who decline injections.
USFDA-approved oral JAK inhibitors for moderate-to-severe AA. Prescription and specialist management required.
Contact sensitiser applied by dermatologist - redirects immune response away from follicle.
Timeline: Spontaneous regrowth occurs in 50% of limited disease within 12 months. Extensive disease requires active treatment and may relapse.
Seek urgent dermatologist consultation - alopecia areata requires prescription treatment and monitoring. Do not self-treat with over-the-counter products alone.
“I always assess thyroid function in every AA patient - the co-occurrence with Hashimoto's is clinically significant. A thorough systemic workup prevents the frustration of treating the scalp without addressing the underlying inflammatory state.”
Last reviewed March 2025. This page is clinical reference, not a diagnosis. Only an in-person assessment can tell you which condition you have.
A dermatologist can tell you in one visit. The consultation is free.
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